Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

v3.22.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.
We use the same accounting policies in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements, unless noted otherwise below in “Changes to Significant Accounting Policies”. Certain accounting policies are repeated to ensure the condensed consolidated financial statements are not misleading. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form
10-K
filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022 (the “Annual Report”).
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statement reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, temporary equity and stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the interim periods but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for the full year 2022 or any future period.
The Business Combination is accounted
for as a reverse recapitalization as
pre-combination
KORE was determined to be the accounting acquirer under FASB’s ASC Topic 805, Business Combination (“ASC 805”).
Pre-combination
KORE was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on the evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:
 
   
the
equity
holders
of
pre-combination
KORE
hold
the
majority
(54%)
of
voting
rights
in
the
Company;
 
   
the
senior
management
of
pre-combination
KORE
became
the
senior
management
of
the
Company;
 
   
in
comparison
with
CTAC,
pre-combination
KORE
has
significantly
more
revenues
and
total
assets
and
a larger
net
loss;
and
 
   
the operations of
pre-combination
KORE comprise the ongoing operations of the Company, and the Company assumed pre-combination KORE’s headquarters.
Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of the financial statements of
pre-combination
KORE with the acquisition being treated as the equivalent of
pre-combination
KORE issuing stock for the net assets of CTAC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of CTAC were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
Pre-combination
KORE was deemed to be the predecessor and the consolidated assets and liabilities and results of operations prior to September 30, 2021 are those of
pre-combination
KORE. Reported shares and earnings per share available to common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated to reflect the exchange ratio established in the merger agreement. The number of shares of preferred stock was also retroactively restated based on the exchange ratio.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in conformity with US GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to revenue recognition such as determining the nature and timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations, revenue reserves, allowances for accounts receivable, inventory obsolescence, the recognition and measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations at fair value, assessment of indicators of goodwill impairment, determination of useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets and equipment, the assessment of expected cash flows used in evaluating long-lived assets for impairment, the calculation of capitalized software costs, accounting for uncertainties in income tax positions, and the value of securities underlying stock-based compensation. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future, actual results may be different from these estimates.
Covid-19 Impact
COVID-19
Impact
During the period ended March 31, 2022, the novel coronavirus
(“COVID-19”)
has continued to spread across the globe and continued to result in significant economic disruption. The extent of the impact of
COVID-19
on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of any future outbreaks. As of the date of this filing, the Company has experienced certain negative impacts from the pandemic, such as the loss of multiple smaller customers that experienced financial distress, resulting in payment delays and a reduction in revenue from those customers. Overall, as of the date of this filing,
COVID-19
has not had a significant negative impact on the Company’s results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenues primarily from IoT Connectivity and IoT Solutions.
IoT Connectivity arrangements provide customers with secure and reliable wireless connectivity to mobile and fixed devices through various mobile network carriers. Revenue from IoT Connectivity consists of monthly recurring charges (“MRC’s”) and overage/usage charges, and contracts are generally short-term in nature (i.e.,
month-to-month
arrangements). Revenue for
MRC’s and overage/usage charges are recognized over time
as the Company satisfies the performance obligation (generally starting when an enrolled device is activated on the Company’s platform). MRC’s are billed monthly in advance (generally in the last week of a month); any amounts billed for which the service has not been provided as of the balance sheet dates are reported as a contract liability and components of deferred revenue. Overage/usage charges are billed in arrears on a monthly cycle and are evaluated by management to determine whether they are likely to be collected due to a customer disputing the charge or due to a concession. If management deems an overage/usage charge to be non-collectible these overage/usage charges are not initially recognized as revenue and reserved for. These amounts are netted against accounts receivable and reversed when credited to the customer account generally no longer than one to two months after initial billing. Reserved items are written off when deemed uncollectible or recognized as revenue if collected. Certain IoT Connectivity customers also have the option to purchase products and/or equipment (e.g. subscriber identification module or “SIM” cards, routers, phones, or tablets) from the Company on an as needed basis. Product sales to IoT Connectivity customers are recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which is typically upon shipment of the product.
IoT Solutions arrangements includes device solutions (including connectivity), deployment services, and/or technology-related professional services. Management evaluates each IoT Solutions arrangement to determine the contract for accounting purposes. If a contract contains more than one performance obligation, consideration is allocated to each performance obligation based on standalone selling prices. Device and other hardware sales in IoT Solutions arrangements are generally accounted for as separate contracts since the customer is not obligated to purchase additional services when committing to the purchase of any products. Such sales are typically recognized upon shipment to the customer. However, in certain contracts, the customer has requested the Company to hold the products ordered for later shipment to the customer’s remote location or to the customer’s end user as
a part of a vendor managed inventory model. In these situations, management has concluded that transfer of control to the customer occurs prior to shipment. In these
“bill-and-hold”
arrangements, the right to invoice, transfer of legal title and transfer of the risk and rewards associated with the products occurs when the Company receives the hardware from a third-party vendor and has deemed it to be functional. Additionally, the products are identified both physically and systematically as belonging to a specific customer, are usable by the customer, and are only shipped, used, or disposed as directed
by the specific customer. Based on these factors, management recognizes revenue on
bill-and-hold
hardware when the hardware is received by the Company and deemed functional. As part of the
bill-and-hold
arrangements, the Company performs a service related to the storage of the hardware. The Company has determined that any storage fee related to
bill-and-hold
inventory is immaterial to the condensed consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.
Deployment services consist of the Company preparing hardware owned by a customer for use by a customer’s end user. Deployment and connectivity may both be included within a single IoT Solutions contract and are considered separate performance obligations. While consideration for deployment services is generally fixed when ordered by the client, consideration for connectivity services is variable and solely related to the connectivity services. Therefore, the fixed consideration is allocated to the deployment services and is recognized as revenue when the services are provided (i.e. when the related hardware is shipped to the customer). Connectivity within IoT Solutions contracts are recognized similar to the IoT Connectivity as described above, since such contracts are generally short term in nature and variability is resolved each month as the services are provided.
Professional services are generally provided over a contract term of one to two months. Revenue is recognized over time on an input method basis
(typically, based on hours completed to date and an estimate of total hours to complete the project).
There are no material instances where variable consideration is constrained and not recorded at the initial time of sale. Product returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on anticipated sales returns that occur in the normal course of business and are immaterial for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2021, respectively. The Company primarily has assurance-type warranties that do not result in separate performance obligations.
The Company does not have material unfulfilled performance obligation balances for contracts with an original length greater than one year in any of the periods presented. Additionally, the Company does not have material costs related to obtaining a contract with amortization periods greater than one year for any of the periods presented.
The Company
applies
ASC
606
utilizing
the
following
allowable
exemptions
or
practical
expedients:
 
   
Exemption
to
not
disclose
the
unfulfilled
performance
obligation
balance
for
contracts
with
an
original
length
of
one
year
or
less.
 
   
Practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.
 
   
Election
to
present
revenue
net
of
sales
taxes
and
other
similar
taxes.
 
   
Election
from
recognizing
shipping
and
handling
activities
as
a separate
performance
obligation.
 
   
Practical expedient not requiring the entity to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the entity expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the entity transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of less than 90 days from the date of purchase or the ability to redeem amounts on demand. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates their fair value.
Restricted cash represents cash deposits held with financial institutions for letters of credit and is not available for general corporate purposes.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk and
Off-Balance-Sheet
Risk
Cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in accounts at large financial institutions, and amounts may exceed federally insured limits. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the cash and cash equivalents are held. The Company has no other financial instruments with
off-balance-sheet
risk of loss.
Emerging Growth Company
Emerging Growth Company
Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The Company qualifies as an “Emerging Growth Company” and has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act. This election allows the Company to adopt new or revised standards at the same time as private companies.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has had several stock-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in “Note 10, Stock-Based Compensation”, to the consolidated financial statements. Stock-based compensation is generally recognized as an expense following straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock-based compensation is generally measured on the grant date based on the grant-date fair value of the awards.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The following Accounting Standard Updates (ASUs) were issued by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and have been recently adopted by KORE.
ASU
2016-02,
ASU
2018-10,
ASU
2018-11,
ASU
2020-03
and ASU
2020-05,
Leases (Topic 842)
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-02,
Leases, to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. In July 2018, ASU
2018-10,
Codification Improvements to ASC
2016-02,
Leases, was issued to provide more detailed guidance and additional clarification for implementing ASU
2016-02.
Furthermore, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-11,
Leases: Targeted Improvements, which provides an optional transition method in addition to the existing modified retrospective transition method by allowing a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Furthermore, on June 3, 2020, the FASB deferred by one year the effective date of the new leases standard for private companies, private
not-for-profits
and public
not-for-profits
that have not yet issued (or made available for issuance) financial statements reflecting the new standard. Additionally, in March 2020, ASU
2020-03,
Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, Leases, was issued to provide more detailed guidance and additional clarification for implementing ASU
2016-02.
Furthermore, in June 2020, ASU
2020-05,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Leases, was issued to defer effective dates of adoption of the new leasing standard beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. These new leasing standards (collectively “ASC 842” or “the new standard”) are effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted.
A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. We early adopted the new standard on January 1, 2022, which is the date as of our date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods ending before January 1, 2022.
The cumulative
after-tax
effect of the changes made to our condensed consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of Topic 842 were as follows:
 
(in ‘000 USD)

  
At December 31,
2021
 
  
Adjustments
due to

Topic 842
 
  
At
January 1
2022
 
Operating lease
right-of-use
assets
   $ —        $ 9,278      $ 9,278  
Current operating lease liabilities
     —          2,121        2,121  
Non-current
operating lease liabilities
     —          7,483        7,483  
Current portion of capital lease
liabilities
     191        (191      —    
Current portion of finance lease
liabilities
     —          191        191  
Non-current
portion of capital lease
liabilities
     264        (264      —    
Non-current
portion of finance lease
liabilities
     —          264        264  
Accrued liabilities
     21,502        (326      21,176  
In addition to the increase to the operating lease liabilities and
right-of-use
assets, Topic 842 also resulted in reclassifying the presentation of accrued liabilities and deferred rent to operating lease
right-of-use
assets.
We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard. Accordingly, we have adopted these practical expedients and did not reassess: (1) whether an expired or existing contract is a lease or contains an embedded lease; (2) lease classification of an expired or existing lease; (3) capitalization of initial direct costs for an expired or existing lease.
We lease real estate, computer hardware and vehicles for use in our operations under both operating and finance leases. We assess whether an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. For arrangements considered leases or that contain a lease that is accounted for separately, we determine the classification and initial measurement of the
right-of-use
asset and lease liability at the lease commencement date, which is the date that the underlying asset becomes available for use.
For both operating and finance leases, we recognize a
right-of-use
asset, which represents our right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, which represents the present value of our obligation to make payments arising over the lease term. The present value of our obligation to make payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate for operating and finance leases. The incremental borrowing rate is determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. Management uses the unsecured borrowing rate and risk-adjusts that rate to approximate a collateralized rate, which will be updated on an annual basis for the measurement of new lease liabilities.
In those circumstances where the Company is the lessee, we have elected to account for
non-lease
components associated with our leases (e.g., common area maintenance costs) and lease components as a single lease component for all of our asset classes.
Operating lease cost for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is included in selling, general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, based on the use of the facility on which rent is being paid. Operating leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize a rent expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We recognize the amortization of the
right-of-use
asset for our finance leases on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the
right-of-use
asset in depreciation and amortization expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The interest expense related to finance leases is recognized using the effective interest method based on the discount rate determined at lease commencement and is included within interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
See Note 5 for additional information related to leases, including disclosure required under Topic 842.
2019-12,
Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.
In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
2019-12,
Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU
2019-12
simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. ASU
2019-12
is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2021, and depending on the amendment, adoption was applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective, or prospective basis. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU
2018-15,
Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-15,
Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which requires a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to apply the guidance on
internal-use
software to determine which implementation costs to recognize as an asset and which costs to expense. Costs to develop or obtain
internal-use
software that cannot be capitalized under Subtopic
350-40,
Internal-Use
Software, such as training costs and certain data conversion costs, also cannot be capitalized for a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments require a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to determine whether an implementation activity relates to the preliminary project stage, the application development stage, or the post-implementation stage. Costs for implementation activities in the application development stage will be capitalized depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages will be expensed immediately. The ASU is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for all entities. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2021. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU
2020-06,
Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic
470-20)
and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic
815-40)
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU
2020-06,
Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic
470-20)
and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic
815-40)
(“ASU
2020-06”)
to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU
2020-06
eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU
2020-06
amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the
if-converted
method for all convertible instruments. ASU
2020-06
is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, for fiscal years (including interim periods) beginning after December 15, 2020.
We early adopted ASU
2020-06
on January 1, 2022, using a modified retrospective transition approach. Consequently, financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods ending before January 1, 2022. Refer to “Note 7 –Short Term and Long-Term Debt”, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail.
The cumulative
after-tax
effect of the changes made to our condensed consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of ASU
2020-06
were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in ‘000 USD)

  
At December 31,
2021
    
Adjustments
due to

ASU 2020-06
    
At
January 1
2022
 
Long-term debt and other borrowings, net
   $ 399,115      $ 15,163      $ 414,278  
Additional
paid-in
capital
     413,646        (11,612      402,034  
Deferred tax
     36,722        (3,847      32,875  
Retained earnings
     (138,179      299        (137,880
ASU
2021-04,
Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU
2021-04,
Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, which provides guidance on modifications or exchanges of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. An entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument, and provides further guidance on measuring the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. ASU
2021-04
also provides guidance on the recognition of the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange on the basis of the substance of the transaction, in the same manner as if cash had been paid as consideration.
2021-04
was effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2022, and we will apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. There was no impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements for the current period as a result of adopting this standard update.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
ASU
2016-13,
Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-13,
Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the use of a new current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model in estimating allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable and notes receivable. Receivables from revenue transactions, or trade receivables, are recognized when the corresponding revenue is recognized under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The CECL model requires that the Company estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances when deducted from the balance of the receivables, which represent the estimated net amounts expected to be collected. Given the generally short-term nature of trade receivables, the Company does not expect to apply a discounted cash flow methodology. However, the Company will consider whether historical loss rates are consistent with expectations of forward-looking estimates for its trade receivables. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-19,
Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses to clarify that operating lease receivables recorded by lessors are explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU
2016-13.
This ASU (collectively “ASC 326”) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is still evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU.
ASU
2020-04,
Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU
2020-04,
Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, to provide guidance on easing the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform on financial reporting. ASU
2020-04
is effective from March 12, 2020 and may be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is still evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU.
ASU
2020-03,
Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU
2020-03,
Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, which clarifies specific issues raised by stakeholders. Specifically, the ASU:
 
   
Clarifies that all entities are required to provide the fair value option disclosures in ASC 825, Financial Instruments.
 
   
Clarifies that the portfolio exception in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, applies to nonfinancial items accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
   
Clarifies that for purposes of measuring expected credit losses on a net investment in a lease in accordance with ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, the lease term determined in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, should be used as the contractual term.
 
   
Clarifies that when an entity regains control of financial assets sold, it should recognize an allowance for credit losses in accordance with ASC 326.
 
   
Aligns the disclosure requirements for debt securities in ASC 320, Investments—Debt Securities, with the corresponding requirements for depository and lending institutions in ASC 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending.
The amendments in the ASU have various effective dates and transition requirements, some depending on whether an entity has previously adopted ASU
2016-13
about measurement of expected credit losses. The Company will adopt the guidance in ASU
2020-03
as it adopts the related ASU effected by these codification improvements.